Wednesday, December 01, 2010

eNotes.com

Mao Zedong

He was the communist leader of the People’s Republic of China

He was born in the Shaoshan, Hunan.  He was the son of a moderately wealthy peasant.  He got his education through a school at the Huan Teacher’s College.  He created the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) after gathering like-minded anarchists in his bookstore in Changsha.  It was forced from its largest base in Jiangxi in 1934, which lead to the yearlong Long March to Yan’an (Shannxi).  During the march, Mao rose to preeminent leadership.  Mao became officially chairman of the CCP in 1945 and held it until he died in 1976.  

The Republic of China lasted from 1911-1949, in that time period the country saw many brutal conflicts with the Japanese occupation, which took place from 1931-1945.  One of Mao’s sayings was that “revolution is not a dinner party” (Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan, 1927).  Even in the later years though, Mao did not have a strong regard for human lives.  In the mid-1950s, Mao began to confirm that he was willing to sacrifice up to one third of all the Chinese, to stop world capitalism, in a nuclear war. 

Within the early 1940s, Mao began a party purge.  This involved driving a small number of dissidents to commit suicide, or killing them.  His goal was to install his own version of communism.  This act installed future campaigns against dissidents, even after he publicly apologized for the act.

From 1950-1953, the Korean War was a war against the United States “imperialism”.  Mao stated in “On the Correct Handling of Contradictions among the People” February 27, 1957 that 800,000 counterrevolutionaries were killed.  In 1952, China’s population was at 575 million.

In 1957, Mao took precautions to prevent uprisings, much like the ones occurring in Russia.  However party members and intellectuals wanted more freedoms.  This led to critics, and leaders of national minorities to be persecuted and lose their positions, and sent to reeducation camps.  Many died, or suffered significantly.

Mao caused the most loss of life when he organized the Great Leap Forward.  This famine in 1959 resulted from misguided economic policies.  Mao refused to change the idea because he feared he would lose his job.  In 1959 Mao learnt that some of his party members were trying to dispose of him, this led to Mao disposing of his enemies and re launching the Great Leap Forward.  It is estimated that at least 20 million, with the highest at 65 million deaths, were caused by the Great Leap Forward.

The Cultural Revolution was from 1966-1976.  It was Mao’s attempts of ridding China of his opponents.  Mao never did have complete control over the China Communist Party. The Revolution was full of purges and warfare.  Due to demographics, and poor record keepings, the exact numbers of deaths are not known. 

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This resource has a fair amount of information.  It is an essay style that compares Mao to Stalin.  It has a lot of information about how many people died because of Mao’s ideas and the plans that he brought into China.  It has information such as the population of China at certain times.  It is an overall good source.

"Mao Zedong." Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity. Ed. Dinah L. Shelton. Gale Cengage, 2005. eNotes.com. 2006. 1 Dec, 2010 <http://www.enotes.com/genocide-encyclopedia/mao-zedong>

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